
A patent application that fails the novelty test at examination is not just rejected — it costs the applicant time, professional fees, and the filing fee with no refund. A thorough prior art search conducted before filing identifies whether an invention is novel, reveals how to frame the claims for the best chance of acceptance, and assesses whether commercialising the invention might infringe an existing patent. This guide explains the four types of patent search, how to use InPASS, WIPO PATENTSCOPE, Espacenet, and Google Patents, how to read a patent for prior art purposes, and how the novelty doctrine under the Patents Act, 1970 determines what counts as prior art in India.








